Management tools for implementation and monitoring of requirements for enforcement of reducing sulphur oxides on ships: Latvia and Lithuania cases

Abstract

The main type of bunker oil for ships is heavy fuel oil, derived as а residue from crude oil distillation. Crude oil contains sulphur which, following combustion in the engine, ends up in ship emissions. Sulphur oxides (SOx) are known to be harmful to human health, causing respiratory symptoms and lung diseases. Limiting SOx emissions from ships will improve air quality and protect the environment. From 1 January 2020, the limit for sulphur in fuel oil used on board ships operating outside designated emission control areas is reduced to 0,50% m/m. However, there are varying degrees of readiness among port and flag states for implementation and monitoring of requirements for enforcement of reducing Sulphur oxides on ships. In this paper are described management tools of states for implementing the inspection on Sulphur in ships fuel, analysed the states institutions activities for the enforcement of reducing Sulphur oxides on ships, and indicated the possibilities of increasing effectiveness of the management tools in Latvia and Lithuania.