https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/25 Sun, 10 May 2026 22:40:42 GMT 2026-05-10T22:40:42Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/1748 Assessment of the Black Sea Grain Initiative: Crisis Management via Maritime Transportation Ekleme, Görkem; Yercan, Funda After the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, an agreement regarding the export of grains produced in these countries has been signed. Consequently, the export of grains from Black Sea ports has commenced. The primary objective of this agreement was to prevent a food crisis by avoiding further deterioration of the current situation. However, Russia rejected the extension of the agreement in July 2023, citing a lack of compromise with Western countries. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the extent to which this agreement has benefited low - income countries and what the future implications would be if the agreement were not expired. To be able to make an assessment, data related to export has been retrieved from Black Sea Grain Initiative database. Using MS Excel, the rate of export to these countries has been calculated, and a forecast has been made using trend analysis and single exponential smoothing, which has been illustrated with charts. Our calculations reveal that the level of grain export to low income countries is not at a desirable level and is unlikely to reach a desirable level in the short term. According to the analysis conducted, while the trend of export to both low and high income countries has slightly declined or remained stable, the rate of export to upper middle income countries such as China, Türkiye and Bulgaria appears to be increasing. In conclusion, if the rate of export does not change in favor of low income countries, this situation may potentially trigger a food crisis. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/1748 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/1742 On-line ERS Koivisto, Heikki; Demydenko, Lesya; de Melo, German; Albayrak, Mustafa Taner; Simkoniene, Gintvile; Ivanov, Artem The shipping industry has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and whilst the biggest challenge has been visible in change of crew changes, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on maritime education and training and the supply of qualified and certificated seafarers is a growing area of concern for the industry. The MERSol - project (Maritime Engine Room Simulator on-line) was created due to the Covid-19 pandemic, that made face-to-face simulator lessons mostly impossible and focuses mainly on the horizontal priorities of supporting individuals in the maritime sector to acquire and develop key competences. The main issues with implementation of simulation technologies virtual reality in combination with elearning in professional training of future seafarers have been revealed. The e-learning system based on Moodle, which helps to provide information, technology and professional training support for future seafarers has been created during MERSol - project. WARTSILA, which is one of the biggest simulator manufacturers in the world, has recently begun to offer online engine room training, though the training is only available to students by purchasing pr. hour training. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/1742 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/1606 A comparative analysis of a dry bulk carrier's fuel preference in terms of entropy and environmental sustainability Söğüt, Mehmet Ziya The marine industry has sectoral obligations for maintaining economic and environmental sustainability in addition to environmental responsibility because of its competitive effect. Particularly, institutional goals to lower emissions and energy use based on fossil fuels have emphasized alternatives based on updating ship technologies. Recently, choosing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for ships has provided a useful substitute for short-term forecasts and green transition. This study compares the performance of (Heavy-fuel oil) HFO and LNG fuels using data from a dry cargo ship's usage. Thermo-economic analyses including the environmental impact studies connected to entropy generation were used as a novel approach with new indicators. The analysis shows that the improvement potential for the ship's HFO consumption is 42.47%, whilst the improvement potential for LNG consumption is 35.12%. The sustainability index was found to be 0.23 and 0.25, whereas the environmental performance index was 0.66 and 0.59 for HFO and LNG, respectively. The engine's potential fuel efficiency was got to be discovered to be 18.73% and 12.60%, respectively. The impacts of this modification on ships were assessed at the end of the study, and sectoral preferences were suggested. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/1606 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/1603 Comparative analysis of entropy and environmental impacts of shipping operations on arctic and international routes Yercan, Funda; Söğüt, Mehmet Ziya With the increasing interest in Arctic shipping operations mostly due to global warming, while increasing the sectoral effects in route management, possible environmental sustainability effects are noteworthy. This study aims to comparatively analyze the entropy and environmental impacts of ships operating in the Arctic and international shipping routes. In this study, the entropy productions caused by 11 container ships with different DWTs were calculated and their environmental impacts were examined using two basic indices. According to the results, the Transpolar Sea Route operations without icebreaker escort were forecasted to be all-year-around by 2050 and Northwest Passage Deep Water Route by 2050 routes, produce entropy at approximately 52% higher than the Suez Canal route operations, and their environmental impact was 40.51% higher than the Suez Canal route. Moreover, according to the predicted environmental impact indices for current routes, the Suez Canal route had an average of 34.43% higher environmental pollution compared to the other two routes. However, the average improvement potential for reducing fuel-related environmental effects was found to be 56.35% for the Suez Canal route. Finally, recommendations were presented for the energy, economic potential effects, and sustainability of the Transpolar Sea Route and Northwest Passage Route for future shipping operations. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12960/1603 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z